How to Use a Plane in Woodworking: An Intro

Woodworking is an art that requires precision, patience, and a bit of finesse. One of the most essential tools in a woodworker's arsenal is the plane. This humble yet powerful tool is designed to smooth, shape, and refine wooden surfaces, transforming rough lumber into beautifully finished pieces. Whether you're a seasoned craftsman or a weekend hobbyist, mastering the use of a plane can significantly enhance the quality of your work and elevate your projects to a professional level.

Imagine trying to create a stunning piece of furniture with a surface that feels like sandpaper. Not very appealing, right? That's where the plane comes in. By removing thin shavings of wood, it allows you to achieve a smooth, even finish that not only looks great but also feels great to the touch. In this article, we’ll explore the essential techniques and tips for effectively using a plane in your woodworking projects, highlighting its importance in achieving those smooth, precise finishes that every woodworker dreams of.

But before we dive into the nitty-gritty of planing techniques, let’s take a moment to understand the different types of planes available. Just like a chef needs the right knife for different tasks, woodworkers need various planes to tackle specific challenges. From block planes that are perfect for trimming edges to jack planes that handle larger surfaces, each type has its unique application and benefits.

As we progress, we’ll break down the anatomy of a plane, ensuring you’re familiar with its components, such as the blade, body, and sole. Knowing what each part does will empower you to use your plane effectively and with confidence. We'll also discuss how to choose the right blade and the importance of sharpening techniques to keep your tool performing at its best.

Setting up your plane correctly is another crucial step in the process. We’ll guide you through adjusting the depth and alignment of the blade, ensuring that you get the best results every time you use it. Finally, we’ll cover essential planing techniques, including how to hold the plane, maintain consistent pressure, and adapt your approach based on the type of wood you’re working with.

So, are you ready to take your woodworking skills to the next level? Grab your plane, and let’s get started on this exciting journey of craftsmanship!

• What is the primary purpose of a woodworking plane? A woodworking plane is used to smooth and shape wooden surfaces by removing thin layers of material.
• How do I choose the right type of plane for my project? Consider the specific task you need to accomplish; different planes serve different purposes, such as smoothing, jointing, or trimming.
• What maintenance does a plane require? Regular sharpening of the blade and ensuring that all components are clean and free of debris will keep your plane in optimal condition.

Understanding Different Types of Planes

When it comes to woodworking, the right tools can make a world of difference, and planes are no exception. A plane is an essential tool that helps you achieve smooth, flat surfaces on wood, but did you know that there are various types of planes, each designed for specific tasks? Understanding the different types of planes can help you choose the right one for your project, ensuring that you get the best results possible.

First up, we have the block plane. This handy little tool is perfect for trimming edges and fitting joints. Its compact size makes it easy to handle, and it’s especially useful for working on small projects or tight spaces. Block planes are typically used with the blade set at a low angle, allowing for fine shavings and a smooth finish. If you’re looking to add finesse to your woodworking, this is a must-have in your toolkit.

Next, we have the jack plane. Think of the jack plane as the workhorse of your woodworking arsenal. It’s a bit larger than the block plane and is often used for initial shaping and smoothing of rough lumber. The jack plane is versatile and can handle a variety of tasks, from flattening a board to reducing its thickness. With a blade angle that’s generally set at 45 degrees, it’s perfect for most types of wood, making it a favorite among woodworkers.

Another important type is the jointer plane, which is specifically designed for jointing edges of boards. If you’ve ever tried to glue two pieces of wood together, you know how crucial it is to have perfectly flat edges. The jointer plane helps achieve this by removing any imperfections and ensuring that the edges meet seamlessly. It’s longer than both the block and jack planes, allowing for greater stability and control when working on larger pieces.

Let’s not forget about the smooth plane, which is ideal for giving your wood a final touch. As the name suggests, this plane is all about creating a smooth finish. It’s used after the jack plane to refine the surface and eliminate any remaining roughness. With a finely set blade and a comfortable grip, the smooth plane is essential for achieving that professional look in your woodworking projects.

To summarize, here’s a quick comparison of the different types of planes:

Understanding these different types of planes is the first step in mastering the art of woodworking. By knowing which plane to use for each task, you can work more efficiently and achieve stunning results. So, whether you're a seasoned pro or just starting out, make sure to familiarize yourself with these essential tools!

• What is the best plane for beginners? The block plane is often recommended for beginners due to its ease of use and versatility.
• How do I maintain my plane? Regularly sharpen the blade and keep the sole clean to ensure optimal performance.
• Can I use a plane on hardwood? Yes, but make sure to choose the right blade angle and technique for best results.

The Anatomy of a Plane

Understanding the anatomy of a plane is crucial for anyone looking to master woodworking. A plane is not just a simple tool; it’s a finely-tuned instrument designed for precision and finesse. Every part plays a significant role in how the plane performs, affecting the quality of the finish on your wooden surfaces. Let’s dive into the essential components that make up a plane and how they work together to achieve that smooth, flawless finish we all strive for.

The primary components of a plane include:

• Blade: The blade is arguably the most critical part of the plane. It’s responsible for cutting the wood as you push the plane forward. A sharp blade will glide through the wood, while a dull blade can cause tearing and uneven surfaces.
• Body: The body of the plane is the main structure that houses the blade and provides stability. It can be made from various materials, including wood and metal, and its design can affect the weight and balance of the tool.
• Sole: The sole is the flat bottom surface of the plane that rests against the wood. A flat sole is essential for achieving a smooth, even cut. Any warping or damage to the sole can lead to poor performance, so it’s vital to keep it in good condition.
• Adjuster Mechanism: This allows you to adjust the depth of the blade. A proper setup is crucial for ensuring that you’re taking the right amount of material off the wood with each pass.
• Handle: The handle provides grip and control. It’s designed to fit comfortably in your hand, allowing you to apply the necessary pressure while maintaining control over the plane's movement.

Each of these components interacts to create a tool that can transform rough lumber into beautifully finished pieces. For example, the blade's angle can influence how aggressively it cuts through the wood, while the body’s weight can affect how much pressure you need to apply. Understanding these nuances can make a world of difference in your woodworking projects.

Let’s take a closer look at how these parts function together. When you push the plane across the wood, the blade slices into the surface, while the sole glides along, ensuring that the cut remains even. The adjuster mechanism allows you to control how deep the blade penetrates, which is particularly useful when dealing with different types of wood or varying surface imperfections.

In summary, knowing the anatomy of a plane not only enhances your skills but also empowers you to make informed decisions about which plane to use for your specific projects. Whether you’re a novice or a seasoned woodworker, understanding these components is essential for achieving the best results.

Q1: How often should I sharpen my plane blade?
A1: It’s best to sharpen your plane blade whenever it starts to feel dull. Depending on the frequency of use and the type of wood you’re working with, this could be after every few projects or even after each use.

Q2: Can I use a plane on any type of wood?
A2: While planes can be used on most types of wood, the technique and blade settings may vary. Softer woods are generally easier to plane, while harder woods may require more careful handling and different blade angles.

Q3: What’s the best way to maintain my plane?
A3: Regular maintenance includes keeping the blade sharp, cleaning the sole after each use, and checking for any damage to the body or adjuster mechanism. Proper care will ensure your plane lasts for years and performs at its best.

Choosing the Right Blade

When it comes to woodworking, the blade you choose for your plane can make all the difference between a smooth finish and a frustrating experience. Imagine trying to slice a loaf of bread with a dull knife; it just doesn’t work well, right? The same principle applies here. A sharp, well-chosen blade allows for clean cuts and precise finishes, transforming your woodworking projects from ordinary to extraordinary.

First, let’s dive into the materials used for plane blades. The most common options are high-carbon steel and high-speed steel (HSS). High-carbon steel is favored for its ability to achieve a razor-sharp edge, making it ideal for fine woodworking. However, it can dull more quickly than HSS, which is known for its durability and ability to hold an edge longer. So, if you're planning on working with dense hardwoods, HSS might be your best bet.

Next, sharpening techniques play a crucial role in maintaining your blade's performance. A well-sharpened blade can cut through wood like butter, while a dull one will leave you struggling. Here’s a quick guide to sharpening:

• Grinding: Use a bench grinder to reshape the blade’s edge.
• Honing: Refine the edge using a honing stone or diamond plate.
• Stropping: Polish the edge on a leather strop for a razor-sharp finish.

Now, let’s talk about how to choose the right blade for your specific task. The width of the blade is one of the most important factors to consider. Wider blades are perfect for larger surfaces, while narrower blades excel in tighter spaces. Additionally, the blade angle is crucial; a lower angle (around 20 degrees) is great for softer woods, while a steeper angle (around 45 degrees) works better for hardwoods. Understanding these nuances will allow you to tailor your tool to the job at hand, ensuring optimal results.

In summary, choosing the right blade is not just about picking one off the shelf; it’s about understanding the materials, sharpening techniques, and specific applications for your woodworking projects. By investing time in selecting the right blade, you’ll set yourself up for success, ensuring that each cut is as smooth and precise as you envisioned. Remember, a good blade is the heart of your plane, and taking the time to choose wisely will pay off in the quality of your work.

Q: How often should I sharpen my plane blade?
A: It depends on how frequently you use your plane and the type of wood you’re working with. As a general rule, if you notice the cuts becoming rough or the blade dragging, it’s time to sharpen.

Q: Can I use any blade in my plane?
A: Not all blades fit all planes. Always check your plane’s specifications to ensure compatibility before making a purchase.

Q: What’s the best way to store my plane blades?
A: Store your blades in a dry place, preferably in a protective case or wrapped in cloth to prevent dulling and rusting.

Sharpening Techniques

Sharpening your plane blade is not just a chore; it's an art form that can make or break your woodworking project. Think of it as tuning a musical instrument—without the right adjustments, you won't achieve the harmony you desire in your cuts. A well-sharpened blade is your best friend in woodworking, providing clean and precise cuts that make your projects shine.

To start, you’ll want to gather your sharpening tools. The essentials include a sharpening stone, honing guide, and some lubricant (like water or oil, depending on the type of stone). The process begins with assessing the current sharpness of your blade. If you can feel a slight burr on the edge, it’s time to sharpen. If not, a quick honing may suffice.

Here’s a quick rundown of the sharpening process:

• Flatten the Back: Start by ensuring the back of the blade is flat. This is crucial as it allows the edge to make full contact with the wood. Use a coarse sharpening stone to flatten it, then gradually move to finer stones.
• Set the Angle: Most plane blades are sharpened at a 25 to 30-degree angle. Use a honing guide to maintain this angle consistently.
• Sharpen the Edge: With the blade secured in the honing guide, run it over the sharpening stone, applying even pressure. Start with a coarse stone and progress to finer grits to achieve a razor-sharp edge.
• Honing: After sharpening, use a fine honing stone or leather strop to refine the edge. This step is like polishing a diamond; it brings out the blade's brilliance.

Consistency is key in sharpening. Aim for a smooth, continuous motion, and remember to keep the blade cool to prevent overheating, which can ruin the temper of the steel. After sharpening, always check the edge by slicing through a piece of paper. If it glides effortlessly, you’ve done a great job!

Lastly, maintaining your blade is just as important as sharpening it. Regularly check for nicks and dullness, and don’t wait until it’s completely blunt to sharpen again. By incorporating these sharpening techniques into your routine, you’ll ensure your plane is always ready to tackle any woodworking challenge with finesse.

Q1: How often should I sharpen my plane blade?
A: It depends on how frequently you use it. A good rule of thumb is to check the sharpness before each major project and sharpen as needed.

Q2: Can I use any sharpening stone?
A: While you can use various types of sharpening stones, it's best to use one that suits your blade material. Water stones and oil stones are popular choices among woodworkers.

Q3: What if my blade is chipped?
A: If your blade has significant chips, start with a coarse stone to grind away the damage before moving to finer grits for sharpening.

Q4: Is it necessary to use a honing guide?
A: While not strictly necessary, a honing guide helps maintain the correct angle and pressure, which can result in a sharper edge.

Blade Angle Considerations

When it comes to woodworking, the angle of your plane's blade can make a world of difference in the quality of your cuts. Think of it as the difference between slicing through butter with a hot knife and struggling to cut through a frozen block. The blade angle influences how the wood fibers are engaged, which in turn affects the smoothness and precision of your finish. So, how do you choose the right angle for your project?

Most planes come with a standard blade angle, typically around 45 degrees. This angle is ideal for general-purpose planing. However, if you're working with particularly hardwoods or fibrous species, you might want to consider a higher blade angle, such as 50 to 60 degrees. A steeper angle helps to reduce tear-out and provides a cleaner cut, making it a go-to option for challenging materials.

On the flip side, if you're working with softwoods, a lower blade angle can be beneficial. A 38-degree angle can allow for more aggressive cuts, making it easier to remove material quickly without the risk of damaging the surface. It’s like using a fine-toothed comb for delicate hair versus a wide-toothed one for thick, unruly locks.

Here’s a quick comparison of blade angles and their ideal applications:

It's also important to consider the geometry of your workpiece. For instance, if you're planing end grain, a higher angle can help to minimize tear-out. Conversely, when working with the long grain, a standard angle might suffice. As you gain experience, you'll start to feel more comfortable adjusting the blade angle based on the wood and the task at hand.

In summary, understanding blade angles is not merely a technical detail; it's a fundamental aspect of woodworking that can elevate your craftsmanship. By experimenting with different angles and observing the results, you can refine your skills and achieve that professional finish you’ve always desired.

• What is the best blade angle for beginners? A 45-degree angle is generally recommended for beginners as it provides a balance between ease of use and versatility.
• Can I adjust the blade angle on all types of planes? No, not all planes allow for angle adjustments. Block planes and some specialty planes typically have fixed angles.
• How do I know if my blade angle is appropriate? If you're experiencing tear-out or rough finishes, it may be time to experiment with a different blade angle.

Setting Up Your Plane

Setting up your plane correctly is a crucial step that can make or break your woodworking project. Imagine trying to carve a masterpiece out of a block of wood, only to find that your tools are not aligned. It’s like trying to bake a cake without measuring your ingredients—frustrating and often resulting in a mess! So, let’s dive into the essential steps you need to take to ensure your plane is ready for action.

First things first, you’ll want to adjust the blade depth. This is where the magic happens. A blade that is too deep can tear the wood fibers, leaving you with a rough surface, while a blade that is too shallow might not remove enough material to make a difference. To find the sweet spot, start by loosening the adjustment knob, then gently lower the blade until it protrudes just enough to make contact with the wood. A good rule of thumb is to aim for a depth of about 1/64 of an inch for a smooth finish.

Next, let’s talk about the alignment of the blade. Proper alignment is vital for achieving that crisp, clean cut you’re after. If the blade is skewed, you’ll end up with uneven surfaces and a lot of frustration. To align the blade, look down the length of the sole of the plane. You should see a straight line from the front to the back. If it’s not aligned, adjust the lateral adjustment lever until it is perfectly straight. This step is akin to tuning a musical instrument; if it’s even slightly off, the results will be far from harmonious.

Another important aspect of setting up your plane is ensuring that the sole is flat. A warped sole can lead to all sorts of problems, including snipe and uneven cuts. To check for flatness, you can use a straight edge or a flat surface. Place the plane upside down on the surface and see if there are any gaps between the sole and the flat surface. If you find any imperfections, you may need to sand down the sole until it’s perfectly flat. This meticulous attention to detail is what separates a good woodworker from a great one.

Finally, don’t forget to check the mouth of the plane. The mouth is the opening where the shavings exit. A tight mouth can help produce finer shavings and a smoother finish, while a wider mouth is better for removing material quickly. Depending on your project, you may want to adjust the mouth by loosening the screws and sliding the front part of the plane forward or backward. Think of it as adjusting the throttle on a race car; the right setting can give you the speed and precision you need to cross the finish line first!

In summary, setting up your plane involves:

• Adjusting the blade depth for optimal cutting.
• Aligning the blade for a straight cut.
• Ensuring the sole is flat for even surfaces.
• Checking and adjusting the mouth for desired shavings.

By taking the time to set up your plane correctly, you’ll find that the process of woodworking becomes smoother and more enjoyable. Remember, every great woodworker started with the basics, and mastering these setup techniques will set the stage for your success in the craft!

Essential Techniques for Planing

Mastering the art of planing is not just about having the right tools; it's about developing the essential techniques that will elevate your woodworking projects to a whole new level. Think of planing as the finishing touch that transforms a rough piece of wood into a smooth, polished masterpiece. It’s akin to a chef perfecting a dish—every detail counts! So, how do you achieve that professional finish? Let’s dive into the nitty-gritty of planing techniques.

First and foremost, holding the plane correctly is crucial. You want to grip it firmly but not so tightly that you lose control. Imagine you're holding a bird—firm enough to keep it from flying away, but gentle enough not to hurt it. Your dominant hand should be on the front knob while your other hand rests on the rear handle. This positioning allows you to apply even pressure throughout your stroke, which is essential for achieving a consistent cut.

Next, let’s talk about the motion. The motion used while planing is not just about pushing the tool forward; it’s about creating a rhythm. Start at the front of your workpiece and push the plane forward in a smooth, controlled manner. As you reach the end of the stroke, lift the plane slightly to avoid digging in and creating unwanted gouges. This technique is often referred to as the “scoop and lift.” Think of it like a wave rolling onto the shore—smooth and fluid.

Another critical aspect is to maintain consistent pressure throughout your planing stroke. Uneven pressure can lead to irregular surfaces, which defeats the purpose of using a plane in the first place. To help with this, you can practice on scrap wood to get a feel for how much pressure to apply. A good rule of thumb is to apply just enough pressure to keep the plane moving forward without forcing it. If you find yourself pushing too hard, take a step back and reassess your technique.

When working with different types of wood, remember that each material has its quirks. Softwoods, like pine, tend to plane easily, while hardwoods, such as oak or maple, may require a bit more finesse. For softwoods, you can usually get away with a standard planing technique. However, with hardwoods, you might need to adjust your approach. For instance, a slower, more deliberate motion can help you achieve a smoother finish. It’s like dancing; you adjust your steps based on the rhythm of the music.

Finally, let’s not forget about the importance of practice. Just like any skill, the more you practice planing, the better you’ll become. Start with small projects, like making a simple cutting board or a picture frame, and gradually work your way up to more complex items. The key is to enjoy the process and learn from your mistakes. Each time you use your plane, you’ll discover something new about the tool and how it interacts with the wood.

• What is the best type of plane for beginners? For beginners, a jack plane is often recommended because of its versatility. It can handle a variety of tasks, making it a great starter tool.
• How often should I sharpen my plane blade? Ideally, you should sharpen your blade every few uses, or whenever you notice it starting to dull. A sharp blade is crucial for effective planing.
• Can I use a plane on plywood? Yes, but be cautious. Plywood can splinter, so it’s best to use a finer blade and apply lighter pressure to avoid damaging the surface.

Planing Techniques for Different Wood Types

When it comes to woodworking, not all woods are created equal, and this is especially true when you're using a plane. Each type of wood has its own unique characteristics, which can significantly impact how you should approach planing. For instance, softwoods like pine and cedar are generally easier to plane compared to hardwoods such as oak or cherry. The grain structure, density, and moisture content of the wood all play a role in determining the best techniques to use.

For softwoods, you can typically use a more aggressive cutting action. These woods tend to be less dense, which means they respond well to a standard blade angle. Holding the plane at a slight angle while applying consistent pressure can help you achieve a smooth finish. It's also important to remember to plane with the grain to avoid tear-out, which can ruin the surface you're working on. If you're working with softer woods, you might find that a block plane is your best friend, as it allows for precision in tighter spaces.

On the other hand, when dealing with hardwoods, you’ll want to take a more cautious approach. Hardwoods can be quite unforgiving, and using too much pressure can lead to chipping or tearing. A finer blade angle can be beneficial here, as it allows for a cleaner cut through the dense fibers. It’s also advisable to take lighter passes, gradually reducing the thickness of the wood until you achieve the desired smoothness. In this case, a jack plane or jointer plane might be more suitable, as they are designed for heavier stock removal and can handle the tougher material.

Here’s a quick comparison of planing techniques for softwoods versus hardwoods:

Ultimately, understanding the unique properties of the wood you’re working with is essential for achieving the best results. Experimenting with different techniques and tools will allow you to refine your skills and produce beautiful, smooth surfaces that enhance the natural beauty of the wood. Remember, patience is key in woodworking; taking the time to adjust your technique based on the material will pay off in the final product.

• What type of plane should I use for softwoods? A block plane is often recommended for its precision and ease of use.
• How can I avoid tear-out when planing hardwoods? Use a finer blade angle and take lighter passes to minimize the risk of tear-out.
• Is it necessary to plane with the grain? Yes, always planing with the grain helps to achieve a smoother finish and reduces the likelihood of chipping.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

When it comes to woodworking, using a plane might seem straightforward, but even seasoned woodworkers can stumble into some common pitfalls. One of the biggest mistakes is improper blade angle. It’s crucial to understand that the angle at which the blade is set can dramatically influence the quality of your cut. If the angle is too steep, you risk tearing the wood fibers, leading to a rough finish. Conversely, an angle that’s too shallow can cause the plane to dig into the wood, creating unwanted grooves. Therefore, always take a moment to adjust your blade to the recommended angle for the type of wood you’re working with.

Another frequent error is applying inconsistent pressure while planing. Imagine trying to write with a pen that’s running out of ink; the result is uneven and frustrating. Similarly, if your pressure fluctuates while using a plane, the surface finish will reflect that inconsistency. To achieve a smooth finish, maintain a steady, even pressure throughout your strokes. Remember, it’s about finesse rather than brute strength!

Additionally, many woodworkers overlook the importance of blade sharpness. A dull blade is like trying to cut vegetables with a butter knife—it just doesn’t work well. Dull blades can lead to tear-out, which not only ruins the look of your project but can also be dangerous, as you may apply more force than necessary. Make it a habit to check your blade before starting any project, and keep it sharpened regularly. Here’s a quick checklist to help you remember:

• Inspect the blade for nicks or dullness.
• Sharpen the blade if necessary.
• Ensure the blade is properly aligned.

Finally, don’t forget about wood grain direction. Planing against the grain can lead to splintering and a jagged finish. Always take a moment to observe the grain's direction and plan your cuts accordingly. If you’re unsure, try making a few test passes on a scrap piece of wood to gauge how your plane interacts with the grain.

By avoiding these common mistakes—such as improper blade angle, inconsistent pressure, dull blades, and ignoring wood grain direction—you’ll find that using a plane becomes a much more enjoyable and rewarding experience. Remember, woodworking is as much about precision as it is about passion, so take your time to master these techniques!

Q: How often should I sharpen my plane blade?

A: It’s best to sharpen your blade before starting a new project or whenever you notice a decline in performance. Regular maintenance ensures clean cuts.

Q: What’s the best way to store my plane?

A: Store your plane in a dry place, away from moisture. Consider using a protective case or cover to prevent rusting and damage.

Q: Can I use a plane on all types of wood?

A: While planes can be used on most woods, the technique may vary. Softwoods typically require less pressure than hardwoods, so adjust your approach accordingly.

Q: What should I do if my plane is leaving marks on the wood?

A: Check the blade for sharpness and ensure it’s set at the correct angle. Also, inspect the sole of the plane for any debris or damage that could affect performance.

Frequently Asked Questions

• What is the primary purpose of using a plane in woodworking?

  The primary purpose of using a plane is to achieve smooth and precise finishes on wooden surfaces. By removing thin shavings of wood, a plane helps to level, flatten, and shape the wood, making it ready for further work or finishing.

• What are the different types of planes, and how do they differ?

  There are several types of planes, each designed for specific tasks. For instance, block planes are great for trimming end grain, while jack planes are versatile for general smoothing and flattening. Jointer planes are used for straightening edges. Understanding the differences helps you choose the right plane for your project.

• How do I choose the right blade for my plane?

  Selecting the right blade involves considering the material and thickness of the wood you’re working with. Blades come in various materials, including high carbon steel and stainless steel. Additionally, sharpening techniques play a crucial role in maintaining optimal performance, so make sure to keep your blade sharp!

• What are some common mistakes to avoid when using a plane?

  Common mistakes include using the wrong blade angle, applying inconsistent pressure, or not properly aligning the blade. These errors can lead to uneven cuts and frustration. Always take the time to set up your plane correctly and practice your techniques for the best results.

• Can I use a plane on both hardwood and softwood?

  Absolutely! However, the techniques may differ. Softwoods are generally easier to plane, while hardwoods might require more effort and a sharper blade. Adjust your approach based on the type of wood to achieve the best finish.

• How often should I sharpen my plane blade?

  It depends on usage, but a good rule of thumb is to sharpen your blade whenever you notice it starting to dull or when you switch to a different type of wood. Regular maintenance ensures smooth cuts and prolongs the life of your tools.

• What is the best way to set up my plane before use?

  To set up your plane, first ensure that the blade is sharp and properly aligned. Adjust the depth of cut by raising or lowering the blade to achieve the desired thickness of shavings. A well-set plane will perform better and make your woodworking tasks much easier!